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120th Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 120th Brigade (120 Bde) was an infantry formation of the British Army during the First World War. Part of Kitchener's 'New Armies', it served in 40th Division on the Western Front. In 1918 it was reorganised as 120th (Highland) Brigade. The brigade number was reactivated for deception purposes during the Second World War.
==Origin==
120 Brigade was a New Army or 'Kitchener's Army' formation raised in September 1915, in 40th Division at Aldershot. An earlier 120 Brigade had been raised in late 1914 as part of the 'Fifth New Army', but when the Fourth New Army was broken up in April 1915 to provide reserve units for the First to Third New Armies, the formations of the Fifth took their place, and the original 120 Bde was renumbered 99th Brigade.〔Becke, pp. 32–7.〕 By the time the new 120 Bde was organised the flow of volunteers had dwindled, and the standard of height for infantry soldiers had been lowered in order to encourage recruitment. Some of these so-called 'bantams' were well-knit, hardy men, but many others, especially in 120th Bde, were under-developed and unfit. It was estimated that the four battalions in the brigade would provide enough fit men for only two serviceable battalions. To prevent the departure of the division to the Front being indefinitely postponed, the divisional commander asked for fresh units to be drafted in. 120th Brigade was completely reorganised in February 1916. Divisional training was then intensified and the division was warned for overseas service in May 1916.〔Becke, pp. 101–8.〕
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